RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) causes painful light sensitivity, limiting quality of life. Our objective was to develop and validate a wearable light exposure device and correlate measurements with light sensitivity in EPP to predict and prevent symptoms. METHODS: A wearable light dosimeter was developed to capture light doses of UVA, blue, and red wavelengths. A prospective observational pilot study was performed in which five EPP patients wore two light dosimeters for 3 weeks, one as a watch, and one as a shirt clip. RESULTS: Standard deviation (SD) increases from the mean in the daily blue light dose increased the odds ratio (OR) for symptom risk more than the self-reported outdoor time (OR 2.76 vs. 2.38) or other wavelengths, and a one SD increase from the mean in the daily blue light wristband device dose increased the OR for symptom risk more than the daily blue light shirt clip (OR 2.45 vs. 1.62). The area under the receiver operator curve for the blue light wristband dose was 0.78, suggesting 78% predictive accuracy. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that wearable blue light dosimetry worn as a wristband is a promising method for measuring light exposure and predicting and preventing symptoms in EPP.
RESUMEN
The adiabatic theorem, a corollary of the Schrödinger equation, manifests itself in a profoundly different way in non-Hermitian arrangements, resulting in counterintuitive state transfer schemes that have no counterpart in closed quantum systems. In particular, the dynamical encirclement of exceptional points (EPs) in parameter space has been shown to lead to a chiral phase accumulation, non-adiabatic jumps and topological mode conversion1-8. Recent theoretical studies, however, have shown that contrary to previously established demonstrations, this behaviour is not strictly a result of winding around a non-Hermitian degeneracy9. Instead, it seems to be mostly attributed to the non-trivial landscape of the Riemann surfaces, sometimes because of the presence of an EP in the vicinity9-11. Here, in an effort to bring this counterintuitive aspect of non-Hermitian systems to light and confirm this hypothesis, we provide a set of experiments to directly observe the field evolution and chiral state conversion in an EP-excluding cycle in a slowly varying non-Hermitian system. To do so, a versatile yet unique fibre-based photonic emulator is realized that utilizes the polarization degrees of freedom in a quasi-common-path single-ring arrangement. Our observations may open up new avenues for light manipulation and state conversion, as well as providing a foundation for understanding the intricacies of the adiabatic theorem in non-Hermitian systems.
RESUMEN
We analyze the higher-order core mode content in various designs of antiresonant hollow core fibers using spatially and spectrally resolved imaging. Hollow core fibers have great potential for a variety of applications, and understanding their mode content is crucial for many of these. Two different designs of hollow core fibers are considered, the first with eight nontouching rings and the second with eight touching rings forming a closed boundary core. The mode content of each fiber is measured as a function of length and bending diameter. Low amounts of higher-order modes were found in both hollow core fibers, and mode specific and bending-dependent losses have been determined. This study aids in understanding the core modes of hollow core fibers and possible methods of controlling them.
